概述

Kubernetes的作用是通过自动化和标准化手段，高效管理容器化应用的全生命周期，解决分布式系统在部署、扩展、运维中的复杂性。它充当了容器与底层基础设施之间的“操作系统”，使开发者能专注于业务逻辑，运维人员能实现规模化、高可用的系统管理

配置方法

下载地址：http://mirrors.baidubce.com/kubernetes/

Ubuntu/Debian

1. 下载kubernetes的key并将转换后的二进制密钥保存到/etc/apt/keyrings/，$version替换为目标版本

sudo curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/$version/deb/Release.key  | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg

 eg: 
 curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/deb/Release.key  | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg

2. 添加百度云kubernetes源，$version替换为目标版本

echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] http://mirrors.baidubce.com/kubernetes/core:/stable:/$version/deb/ /" | \
        sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

#使用cri-o
#echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] http://mirrors.baidubce.com/kubernetes/addons:/cri-o:/stable:/$version/deb/ /" | \
    sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list   

eg: 
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] http://mirrors.baidubce.com/kubernetes/core:/stable:/v1.33/deb/ /" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

3. 更新apt缓存

sudo apt-get update

4. 安装kubernetes

apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  kubeadm kubectl kubelet
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 94 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/40.3 MB of archives.
After this operation, 217 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Selecting previously unselected package kubeadm.
(Reading database ... 122218 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../kubeadm_1.33.4-1.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking kubeadm (1.33.4-1.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package kubectl.
Preparing to unpack .../kubectl_1.33.4-1.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking kubectl (1.33.4-1.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package kubelet.
Preparing to unpack .../kubelet_1.33.4-1.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking kubelet (1.33.4-1.1) ...
Setting up kubeadm (1.33.4-1.1) ...
Setting up kubectl (1.33.4-1.1) ...
Setting up kubelet (1.33.4-1.1) ...

RHEL / CentOS

1. 新建kubernetes.repo

touch /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo

2. kubernetes.repo文件内容，$version替换为目标版本，eg: v1.32：

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.baidubce.com/kubernetes/core:/stable:/$version/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/$version/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni                    # exclude参数以确保 Kubernetes 相关的软件包在运行yum update时不会升级，防止因为误升级 kubernetes 导致未知问题

#使用cri-o
#[cri-o]
#name=CRI-O
#baseurl=http://mirrors.baidubce.com/kubernetes/core:/stable:/$version/rpm/
#enabled=1
#gpgcheck=1
#gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/addons:/cri-o:/prerelease:/main/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key

3. 安装kubernetes

yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
#yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools

注：
安装时报错：Curl error (28): Timeout was reached for https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.32/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key [Connection timed out after 30000 milliseconds]
原因：k8s官网未开放同步方式, 可能会有索引gpg检查失败的情况
使用：yum install -y --nogpgcheck kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools

4. 验证

[root@ubuntu2204 ~]# kubeadm version
kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"32", GitVersion:"v1.32.8", GitCommit:"2e83bc4bf31e88b7de81d5341939d5ce2460f46f", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2025-08-13T14:28:45Z", GoVersion:"go1.23.11", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]# kubectl version
Client Version: v1.32.8
Kustomize Version: v5.5.0
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]# kubelet --version
Kubernetes v1.32.8